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Phoenix Journal · Extraction

A Glossary of Commercial Kitchen Ventilation Terms

Every commercial kitchen extract certificate is written in a trade shorthand few operators are ever taught. This glossary translates it - term by term, standard by standard.

A-ZA GLOSSARY OF COMMERCIAL KITCHEN VENTILA
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The plain-English decoder

There is a moment, somewhere between the quote landing in your inbox and the engineer arriving on site, when a kitchen manager quietly wonders what half the words on the page actually mean.

TR19 Grease. Wet film thickness. TExT. Access panels at prescribed centres. It reads like a trade in code, and to a point it is - decades of fire investigations, insurance clauses and ventilation engineering compressed into a shorthand that everyone in the industry uses and almost nobody explains. That silence is a problem, because these are the exact terms that appear on your compliance certificates, your insurance schedule and, if things ever go wrong, the loss adjuster's report.

So here is the glossary we wish every operator had on day one. Not a dictionary to be read cover to cover, but a working guide to the language of commercial kitchen ventilation - what the words mean, which standard or regulation sits behind them, and why each one earns its place on the paperwork you sign.

The standards and the bodies that write them

Most of the jargon you meet traces back to a handful of published documents and the organisations that maintain them. Learn these anchor points and the rest of the vocabulary starts to fall into place, because almost every term is really a reference to a clause somewhere in one of them.

The documents you will see quoted

When a certificate cites a standard, it is telling you which rulebook the work was measured against. The names look interchangeable at a glance; they are not. Each governs a different part of the system, and confusing them is how a building ends up with beautiful ductwork drawings and a grease fire risk nobody measured.

  • TR19 Grease - the specification for cleanliness of internal grease-laden ductwork, published by the Building & Engineering Services Association (BESA). It sets the measurable standard your extract system is cleaned to, and it is the document your insurer almost certainly has in mind when they write "professionally cleaned" into a policy.
  • TR19 Air - the sister guide covering general supply and extract ventilation hygiene, the non-greasy side of the building. Useful to know it exists so you do not assume one certificate covers both worlds.
  • DW/144 - the BESA specification for sheet metal ductwork manufacture and installation. It dictates how the metal itself is built: galvanised mild steel, smooth internal surfaces, sealed joints - the physical fabric that a cleaning standard later has to work on.
  • DW/172 - the standard for the design and installation of kitchen ventilation systems specifically, covering canopies, airflow rates and the practicalities of getting cooking fumes out of the room.
  • HSG258 - the Health and Safety Executive guidance titled Controlling airborne contaminants at work, the reference behind proper local exhaust ventilation testing.

Who actually enforces any of it

A standard on its own is guidance. What gives these terms teeth is the regulation and the competent person standing behind them. It helps to know which name on your paperwork carries legal weight and which is simply best practice.

BESA writes the technical specifications but does not police your kitchen. The obligations that a court or an insurer will hold you to sit in law - principally the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, which makes the responsible person accountable for fire risk, and the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002, known universally as COSHH. When an engineer describes themselves as competent, that too has meaning: for ventilation testing it typically means training recognised by the British Occupational Hygiene Society, such as the P601 qualification, rather than a self-declared title.

The measurements, tests and hardware on your certificate

The second cluster of jargon is the practical stuff - the readings an engineer takes, the tests they run and the physical parts they need to reach. This is the language that decides whether a system passes or fails, so it is worth understanding what each number is actually describing.

Grease, in microns

Kitchen extract cleaning lives or dies on a single measurement: how much grease is left on the metal, expressed in microns. A micron is a thousandth of a millimetre, which sounds trivial until you remember that grease is fuel and ductwork is a chimney. TR19 Grease turns that fear into figures you can audit.

  • Wet Film Thickness Test (WFTT) - the method for measuring soft, greasy deposits. A gauge is pressed against the surface and the thickness of grease captured is read off in microns. It is the headline test for most working kitchens.
  • Deposit Thickness Test (DTT) - the equivalent for harder, carbonised deposits that have baked onto the metal near high-heat appliances, where a wet-film reading would not be representative.
  • The 200 micron trigger - TR19 Grease works to a mean average grease deposit not exceeding 200 microns; cross that threshold and the system is due a clean. It is the number that ultimately sets your cleaning frequency, alongside how many hours a day you cook.
  • Post-clean verification - after cleaning, the standard expects residual grease to be brought down to a low, verified level - for high-risk systems this means readings reduced below roughly 50 microns - with the results photographed and logged rather than simply asserted.

The point of all this arithmetic is that "clean" stops being an opinion. A pre-clean reading, a post-clean reading and a photograph turn a vague reassurance into evidence you can hand to an insurer without flinching.

Airflow, access and the parts in between

The rest of the terminology is physical - the components an engineer needs to reach and the airflow they are trying to protect. These are the words that explain why a job takes the shape it does, and why "we cleaned the filters" is not the same as cleaning the system.

  • Canopy - the hood over your cooking line that captures rising heat and fumes. It is the visible start of the system and, being closest to the flame, often the greasiest single element.
  • Baffle (grease) filters - the removable metal filters in the canopy that catch the first wave of airborne grease. They are the easy bit; what passes beyond them is the ductwork that matters.
  • Access panels - openings cut into the ductwork at prescribed intervals so an engineer can physically reach and verify the internal surfaces. A system without adequate access cannot honestly be certified along its full length, only where someone can actually see.
  • Fire damper - a device inside the duct designed to close and hold back fire where the run passes through a fire-rated wall or floor. Grease build-up that stops one working is exactly the failure the whole standard exists to prevent.
  • Make-up air - the replacement air fed back into the kitchen to balance what the extract removes. Get it wrong and doors slam, burners misbehave and the canopy stops capturing properly - a particular headache in basement and windowless kitchens where fresh air has nowhere natural to come from.

The tests you are legally required to keep

Two acronyms deserve a final word because they carry statutory weight rather than merely good-practice weight. Under COSHH Regulation 9, extraction that controls a hazardous substance must undergo a Thorough Examination and Test - shortened to TExT - carried out at intervals not exceeding fourteen months for most systems. This is LEV testing, where LEV stands for local exhaust ventilation, and the HSE's guidance sits behind it. An engineer measures whether the system still captures fumes at the design airflow and issues a report with a clear indication of what, if anything, needs putting right.

None of these terms is difficult once someone explains it plainly. What matters is that they connect: the standard defines the number, the test produces the reading, the access panel lets you take it, and the certificate records that you did. Keep those threads straight and the paperwork on your desk stops being a foreign language and starts being what it should be - proof that your kitchen is safe. If you would like the whole picture joined up rather than piecemeal, it is worth building a single ventilation cleaning compliance plan so every term above maps to a date, a reading and a document.

Questions

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between TR19 and DW/144?

They govern different things and are easy to confuse. DW/144 is the BESA specification for how sheet metal ductwork is manufactured and installed - the physical fabric of the system, including smooth internal surfaces and sealed joints. TR19 Grease is the specification for how clean that ductwork must be kept internally, measured in microns of grease. In short, DW/144 builds the duct and TR19 Grease keeps it safe to use.

Is LEV testing the same as an extract clean?

No, and one does not replace the other. An extract clean removes grease from the ductwork and is verified against the TR19 Grease standard. LEV testing, or a Thorough Examination and Test under COSHH Regulation 9, checks that the system still captures cooking fumes at the correct airflow and is typically required at intervals not exceeding fourteen months. A well-run kitchen needs both: cleaning for fire risk, LEV testing for the air your staff breathe.

20+ Years of Experience

Phoenix Duct Clean · by the numbers

Kitchen canopies
degreased
4,287
Laundry ducts
cleaned
1,877
LEV systems
tested
1,658
Hours
on site
54,754

Keep your extraction pulling its weight

The right kit only helps if the system stays clean. Phoenix degreases canopies, filters and ductwork to TR19 Grease - UK-wide, overnight.